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Maryland Jurisdictions

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Fast Facts:

  • Maryland jurisdictions in the HIT were home to 5,381,721 people and had 2,170,895 housing units in 2024. Since 2010, these jurisdictions added an average of 32,000 people and 13,300 housing units per year.
  • Thirty-three percent of households were renters and 52 percent of renters had unaffordable housing costs.
  • Maryland jurisdictions participating in the HIT survey built 12,397 units in 2025; an estimated 16,864 units are needed annually to meet future housing demand. Cumulatively, these jurisdictions produced at least 67,179 units since 2019.
  • Maryland jurisdictions in the HIT include Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Charles, Frederick, Harford, Howard, Montgomery, Prince George's and Queen Anne's counties and the cities of Annapolis, Baltimore, Gaithersburg, and Rockville. All jurisdictions except Carroll, Harford, and Queen Anne's share housing outcome data for the HIT.
  • In 2026, the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development announced new statewide Housing Production Targets, establishing a goal of 39,041 new housing units in the state by 2030.
Sources: Census Population and Housing Unit Estimates, Decennial Census, American Community Survey (2020-24), and the HIT survey of local jurisdictions.
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Policy Status

Solving the region's affordable housing crisis requires a portfolio of policies to preserve existing affordable housing, produce more housing, and protect people from discrimination and displacement.

Right of First Refusal

  • Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
  • Adopted: Montgomery County
  • Adopted: Prince George's County
  • Adopted: City of Rockville
  • Adopted: The City of Baltimore
  • Adopted: Howard County

Preservation Inventory - Subsidized

  • Adopted: Montgomery County
  • Adopted: City of Rockville
  • Adopted: Baltimore County
  • Adopted: Anne Arundel County
  • Adopted: City of Annapolis

Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized

    Rental Assistance Demonstration

    • Adopted: Montgomery County
    • Adopted: The City of Baltimore
    • Adopted: Anne Arundel County
    • Adopted: City of Annapolis
    • Adopted: Howard County

    Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners

    • Adopted: Charles County
    • Adopted: Frederick County
    • Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
    • Adopted: Montgomery County
    • Adopted: Prince George's County
    • Adopted: City of Rockville
    • Adopted: The City of Baltimore
    • Adopted: Baltimore County
    • Adopted: Anne Arundel County
    • Adopted: Howard County

    Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing

    • Adopted: Charles County
    • Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
    • Adopted: Montgomery County
    • Adopted: Prince George's County
    • Adopted: City of Rockville
    • Adopted: The City of Baltimore
    • Adopted: Baltimore County
    • Adopted: Anne Arundel County
    • Adopted: Howard County

    Housing Outcomes

    Local jurisdictions submitted data to enable the region to track housing production, preservation, and rental affordability.

    Amount of Housing

    Number of units built by type

    05,00010,00015,00020,000Units3,5224,2056,4338,5504,6434,1269,2156,5165,9566,441Maryland Jurisdictions2019202020212022202320242025
    Multifamily
    Single-family

    Note: The City of Baltimore did not report total units built in 2023.

    Affordability of Housing

    Share of units affordable to households with low incomes

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions26%15%11%5%21%17%20%
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025

    Housing Cost: Lowest

    Units built affordable to households with incomes 0-29.9% of area median

    0100200300400500Units MarylandJurisdictions575018898109
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025

    Housing Cost: Low

    Units built affordable to households with incomes 30-49.9% of area median

    02004006008001,000Units MarylandJurisdictions38115140172202
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025

    Housing Cost: Low-Middle

    Units built affordable to households with incomes 50-79.9% of area median

    05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000Units MarylandJurisdictions9444188136261,5212,4742,159
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025

    Building Permits for New Construction

    Number of units permitted by type

    05,00010,00015,00020,000Units4,7214,8984,7347,8355,1164,8649,0175,610Maryland Jurisdictions20212022202320242025
    Multifamily
    Single-family

    Affordable Housing in Development

    Number of units

    05,00010,00015,00020,000Units4,98012,0004,5805,8236,9103,5577,508Maryland Jurisdictions20212022202320242025
    In the pipeline
    Under construction

    Affordable Housing Preservation

    Number of units preserved as committed affordable by type

    01,0002,0003,0004,0005,000Units2,1971,4052,6731,2242,684Maryland Jurisdictions2022202320242025
    Units with existing subsidies
    Units previously unsubsidized

    Structural Racism

    Discriminatory actions and racist public policies have produced inequitable outcomes for Black, Indigenous, and people of color in the Washington region, including lower incomes and wealth, lower homeownership rates, and higher rates of housing cost burden.

    Income

    Average household income by race and ethnicity, 2020-24

    $0$50,000$100,000$150,000$200,000$ MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity$167,900$108,900$119,700$123,700$164,000
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous, Other or Multiple Race
    White

    Note: Categories are not mutually exclusive. People identifying as Hispanic may also be represented in other bars except white.

    Source: American Community Survey

    Homeownership

    Homeownership rate by race and ethnicity, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity71%53%55%57%78%
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous, Other or Multiple Race
    White

    Note: Categories are not mutually exclusive. People identifying as Hispanic may also be represented in other bars except white.

    Source: American Community Survey

    Homebuying

    Share of mortgage originations by race and ethnicity, 2024

    For first-lien owner-occupied home purchases of 1-4 unit dwellings

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity3%27%13%14%42%
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous or Multiple race
    White

    Note: Categories are mutually exclusive, borrowers identifying as Hispanic are not also represented in a race category. For mortgages with an applicant and a co-applicant, if they identify the same way they are captured in that category, otherwise if they have different identities they would be included in the Indigenous or Multiple race category.

    Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

    Credit Denials

    Ratio of denial rates for mortgages between white borrowers and borrowers of color, 2024

    For first-lien owner-occupied home purchases of 1-4 unit dwellings

    00.20.40.60.81Ratio MarylandJurisdictions0.426

    Note: If White borrowers and borrowers of Color were denied mortgages at the same rate we would expect to see a ratio equal to 1. Values under 1 indicate that borrowers of Color have higher denial rates than White borrowers.

    Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

    Rental Housing Cost Burden

    Renter households paying more than 30% of their monthly income in rent, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity43%52%54%54%45%
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous, Other or Multiple Race
    White

    Note: Categories are not mutually exclusive. People identifying as Hispanic may also be represented in other bars except white. Households paying more than 30 percent of their monthly income in housing costs are considered to be cost burdened.

    Source: American Community Survey

    Owner Housing Cost Burden

    Owner households paying more than 30% of their monthly income in housing costs, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity23%28%27%26%18%
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous, Other or Multiple Race
    White

    Note: Categories are not mutually exclusive. People identifying as Hispanic may also be represented in other bars except white. Households paying more than 30 percent of their monthly income in housing costs are considered to be cost burdened.

    Source: American Community Survey

    Housing Context

    Understanding how household incomes relate to the supply of affordable rental and homeownership units will inform jurisdictions' efforts to meet the current and future housing needs of residents.

    Household Income

    Distribution of households by income level relative to the area median income, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions20%24%18%
    Below 30%
    30-49.9%
    50-79.9%
    80-119.9%
    120-199.9%
    200% and above

    Note: Income categories reflect HUD Income Limits by household size for 2024.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Change in Household Income

    Change in households by income level relative to the area median income, 2008-12 to 2020-24

    020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000Households MarylandJurisdictionsIncome level32,4103,8709,13026,06047,49079,800
    Below 30%
    30-49.9%
    50-79.9%
    80-119.9%
    120-199.9%
    200% and above

    Note: Incomes are in 2024 dollars. Income categories reflect HUD Income Limits by household size for 2024.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Renter Housing Supply by Cost

    Renter housing units by monthly housing cost, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions29%40%
    $0-$1,099
    $1,100-$1,899
    $1,900-$2,399
    $2,400-$2,899
    $2,900-$3,399
    $3,400 and higher

    Note: Rental costs include the contractual monthly rent payment plus any additional costs to the tenant for utilities and fees.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Change in Renter Housing Supply by Cost

    Change in renter housing units by monthly housing cost, 2008-12 to 2020-24

    -60,000-40,000-20,000020,00040,00060,00080,000Change in Units MarylandJurisdictionsRent level-8,210-49,29076,83026,0005,90014,300
    $0-$1,099
    $1,100-$1,899
    $1,900-$2,399
    $2,400-$2,899
    $2,900-$3,399
    $3,400 and higher

    Note: Costs are in 2024 dollars. Rental costs include the contractual monthly rent payment plus any additional costs to the tenant for utilities and fees.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Housing Cost Burden

    Renter households paying more than 30% of their monthly income in rent, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions52%

    Note: Households paying more than 30 percent of their monthly income in housing costs are considered to be cost burdened.

    Source: American Community Survey

    Deeply Affordable Units

    Estimated number of public housing units and vouchers relative to renter households with incomes below 30% of area median, 2020-24

    020406080100Per 100 households MarylandJurisdictions35

    Note: Estimated number of units and vouchers is for 2025. Vouchers include federally-funded Housing Choice Vouchers and locally-funded vouchers where information was available. Income is for 2020-24 and based on the 2024 HUD Income Limits by family size.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS); HUD Picture of Subsidized Households 2024; and HUD HCVP Power BI Dashboard

    Need for Accessible Units

    Number of households with one or more people with a disability by income level relative to the area median, 2020-24

    020,00040,00060,00080,000Households MarylandJurisdictionsIncome level84,25040,31047,89048,35042,82024,900
    Below 30%
    30-49.9%
    50-79.9%
    80-119.9%
    120-199.9%
    200% and above

    Note: Income categories reflect HUD Income Limits by household size for 2024. People with a disability includes those with cognitive disabilities, physical or self-care disabilities, ambulatory disabilities, independent living difficulties, vision disabilities, or hearing disabilities.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Homeowner Housing Supply by Cost

    Owner housing units by monthly housing cost for a first-time homebuyer, 2020-24

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions19%34%
    $0-$1,899
    $1,900-$2,399
    $2,400-$2,899
    $2,900-$3,399
    $3,400-$3,899
    $3,900 and higher

    Note: Costs for owner housing were calculated as the monthly payment for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage for 90 percent of the market value to the unit, along with estimates of other monthly costs including mortgage insurance, taxes, utilities, and fees.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Affordable Homebuying

    Share of mortgage originations to households with moderate incomes and below, 2024

    For first-lien owner-occupied home purchases of 1-4 unit dwellings

    020406080100Percent MarylandJurisdictions29%29%
    0-80% of area median
    80-120% of area median income

    Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

    Potential Homebuyers

    Number of potential homebuyers with low or moderate incomes by race and ethnicity, 2020-24

    For renter households with a head of household age 45 years or younger and incomes between 50-120% of AMI

    020,00040,00060,00080,000Households MarylandJurisdictionsRace and ethnicity9,90063,80023,4009,20047,200
    Asian or Pacific Islander
    Black
    Hispanic/Latinx
    Indigenous, Other or Multiple Race
    White

    Note: Categories are mutually exclusive, borrowers identifying as Hispanic are not also represented in a race category. Income categories reflect HUD Income Limits by household size for 2024. Renter households with a head of household under age 22 were excluded.

    Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

    Participating Jurisdictions

    Local jurisdictions submitted data to enable the region to track housing production, preservation, and rental affordability.

    Charles County
    • Population: 174,478
    • Housing units: 65,653
    • Percent of Households that rent: 18%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 46%
    • Average growth per year: 2,000 people | 800 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 382

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Frederick County
    • Population: 299,317
    • Housing units: 113,244
    • Percent of Households that rent: 23%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 48%
    • Average growth per year: 4,600 people | 1,600 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 1,183

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    City of Gaithersburg
    • Population: 70,686
    • Housing units: 28,620
    • Percent of Households that rent: 49%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 49%
    • Average growth per year: 800 people | 400 housing units

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Montgomery County
    • Population: 1,082,273
    • Housing units: 408,658
    • Percent of Households that rent: 35%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 52%
    • Average growth per year: 7,800 people | 2,300 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 3,298

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Prince George's County
    • Population: 966,629
    • Housing units: 371,199
    • Percent of Households that rent: 38%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 53%
    • Average growth per year: 7,200 people | 3,000 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 1,302

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    City of Rockville
    • Population: 68,417
    • Housing units: 27,944
    • Percent of Households that rent: 47%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 52%
    • Average growth per year: 500 people | 200 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 258

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    The City of Baltimore
    • Population: 568,271
    • Housing units: 297,583
    • Percent of Households that rent: 52%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 54%
    • Average growth per year: -3,700 people | 100 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 2,859

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Baltimore County
    • Population: 852,425
    • Housing units: 351,385
    • Percent of Households that rent: 34%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 54%
    • Average growth per year: 3,300 people | 1,100 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 1,223

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Anne Arundel County
    • Population: 602,350
    • Housing units: 238,402
    • Percent of Households that rent: 25%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 47%
    • Average growth per year: 4,500 people | 1,800 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 1,263

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    City of Annapolis
    • Population: 40,689
    • Housing units: 19,598
    • Percent of Households that rent: 38%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 49%
    • Average growth per year: 200 people | 100 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 60

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Howard County
    • Population: 339,668
    • Housing units: 126,788
    • Percent of Households that rent: 29%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 48%
    • Average growth per year: 3,700 people | 1,200 housing units
    • New units built in 2025: 569

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • Adopted: Right of First Refusal
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Carroll County
    • Population: 177,108
    • Housing units: 67,464
    • Percent of Households that rent: 16%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 49%
    • Average growth per year: 700 people | 400 housing units

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • In progress: Right of First Refusal
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • In progress: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • In progress: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • In progress: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Harford County
    • Population: 265,514
    • Housing units: 107,629
    • Percent of Households that rent: 20%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 49%
    • Average growth per year: 1,500 people | 800 housing units

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • In progress: Right of First Refusal
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • In progress: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • In progress: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • In progress: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
    Queen Anne's County
    • Population: 53,688
    • Housing units: 22,890
    • Percent of Households that rent: 17%
    • Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 54%
    • Average growth per year: 400 people | 200 housing units

    2025 Housing Outcomes

    010020030040050060070080090010000-29.9% AMI30-49.9% AMI50-79.9% AMI
    • In progress: Right of First Refusal
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
    • In progress: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
    • In progress: Rental Assistance Demonstration
    • Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
    • Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing